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Background: Option B+ is test and treats strategy in which all pregnant and lactating HIV positive women taking lifelong triple Antiretroviral for prevention mother to child HIV transmission regardless of immunological and clinical status and maintained on treatment for life to improve the survival of mothers, newborns and children. Adherence is so most modifiable important factor to achieve the above outcome. Non-adherence to Prevention mother to child transmission drug increases the risk of treatment failure, maternal HIV disease progression, and development of drug resistant virus.
Objective: To assess ART adherence and associated factors among HIV infected pregnant and lactating women in Finfinne Surrounding Oromia Special Zone, Oromia Ethiopia, 2018
Methods: The study was conducted from December 2017 to January 2018. A facility based retrospective cross sectional study design (record review) implemented to select 233 patients record by systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a structured and pre-tested data abstraction sheet and entered into Epi-info software version 7.1, and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science version 20 after cleaned for analysis. Descriptive statistics were carried out. Multiple logistic regressions were used to estimate factors associated with adherence to Prevention mother to child transmission drugs.
Result: Two hundred thirty three pregnant and lactating women who were on Prevention mother to child transmission follow up participated in the study. The mean ages and standard deviation of the participants were 26.5 ± 4.7. The overall adherence level of participant was 83.3% (95% CI: 78.1-88.0). Women who had experience of drug side effect during pregnancy or lactating period were 81% less likely to adherent compared to those women who had not experienced antiretroviral drug side effect, [AOR 0.19 (95% CI, 0.05, 0.72)]. Educational status of participants was also associated with adherence to PMTCT ARV, [AOR 0.16 (95% CI, 0.03, 0.80)].
Conclusion and recommendation: Education favors adherence, while drug side effect negatively affects adherences to antiretroviral drug among pregnant and lactating women attending Prevention mother to child transmission service. The investigator recommends collaborative work among patients, healthcare professionals, government and non-governmental organization to enhance Prevention mother to child transmission antiretroviral therapy adherences.
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